可降解顆粒包括在用于地下應(yīng)用如鉆井中能進行不可逆降解的可降解材料(其通常是可降解聚合物)。此處所使用的術(shù)語"一種顆粒"或"多種顆粒"是指具有以下物理形狀的一種或多種微粒薄層、刨花、纖維、小薄片、帶狀、棒、條、球體、超環(huán)狀、小球狀、片或其它合適形狀的。

Degradable particles include degradable materials (usually degradable polymers) that can be irreversibly degraded in underground applications such as drilling. The term "one particle" or "multiple particles" as used herein refers to one or more thin layers of particles, shavings, fibers, small sheets, ribbons, rods, strips, spheres, super rings, small spheres, sheets or other suitable shapes with the following physical shapes.

這種降解可以尤其是由化學(xué)或熱反應(yīng)或輻射引發(fā)的反應(yīng)中所產(chǎn)生的。作為此處所用術(shù)語"一種聚合物"或"多種聚合物"并不暗示特定聚合度，例如，此定義還包括低聚物。可降解聚合物的可降解度通常少部分地取決于其骨架結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

This degradation can occur especially in reactions initiated by chemical or thermal reactions or radiation. As used herein, the terms "one polymer" or "multiple polymers" do not imply a specific degree of polymerization, for example, this definition also includes oligomers. The degree of degradability of degradable polymers usually depends at least in part on their skeleton structure. For example:

在骨架中存在的可水解和/或可氧化的鍵通常能產(chǎn)生可以如下所述進行降解的材料。這些聚合物的降解速率取決于重復(fù)單元的類型、組成、序列、長度、分子幾何形狀、分子量、形態(tài)(例如結(jié)晶度、球晶尺寸以及取向度)、親水性、疏水性、表面積和添加劑。

Hydrolyzable and/or oxidable bonds present in the skeleton can generally produce materials that can be degraded as described below. The degradation rate of these polymers depends on the type, composition, sequence, length, molecular geometry, molecular weight, morphology (such as crystallinity, spherulite size, and orientation), hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, surface area, and additives of the repeating units.

另外，該聚合物所處環(huán)境如溫度、水分的存在、氧氣、微生物、酶、pH等會影響其如何降解。可降解聚合物的物理性能取決于諸如重復(fù)單元的組成、鏈的柔性、極性基團的存在、分子質(zhì)量、支化度、結(jié)晶度、取向度等幾個因素。

In addition, the environment of the polymer, such as temperature, the presence of water, oxygen, microorganisms, enzymes, pH, etc., will affect how it is degraded. The physical properties of degradable polymers depend on several factors, such as the composition of repeating units, the flexibility of chains, the existence of polar groups, molecular weight, degree of branching, degree of crystallinity, and degree of orientation.

為了使用乳液法制備可降解顆粒，一般將可降解聚合物材料如聚(乳酸)溶解于鹵化溶劑如二氯甲烷中以形成聚合物溶液，隨后在充分剪切下向該聚合物溶液加入水和表面活性劑以形成乳液。

In order to prepare degradable particles by the lotion method, degradable polymer materials such as poly (lactic acid) are generally dissolved in halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane to form a polymer solution, and then water and surfactant are added to the polymer solution under full shear to form a lotion.

與目前制備可降解顆粒方法相關(guān)的一個問題是表面活性劑和/或多溶劑的必要性，乳液法和溶液沉淀法都需要使用不止一種的溶劑和/或表面活性劑。而且在這些方法中可能使用的鹵化溶劑會造成健康問題并且影響環(huán)境。因此，不需要使用表面活性劑和/或包括鹵化溶劑在內(nèi)的多種溶劑的制備可降解顆粒的方法會是有益的，并且更節(jié)省成本。

A problem related to the current methods of preparing degradable particles is the necessity of surfactants and/or multi solvents. Both the lotion method and the solution precipitation method need to use more than one solvent and/or surfactant. Moreover, halogenated solvents that may be used in these methods will cause health problems and affect the environment. Therefore, a method for preparing degradable particles without using surfactants and/or multiple solvents including halogenated solvents would be beneficial and more cost-effective.

可降解顆粒包括在用于地下應(yīng)用要點就講解到這里了，您對此有什么想咨詢的問題或者需求可以隨時來我們網(wǎng)站http://yxdalu.com看看！

The key points of the application of degradable particles for underground use will be explained here. If you have any questions or needs, you can come to our website at any time http://yxdalu.com have a look!